Mayo Clinic Radio: Congenital heart defects Congenital heart defects are structural problems with the heart that are present at birth and may require surgery. While it can be scary to find out your child has a heart problem, you are not alone. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defects, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Each year, more than 35,000 babies in the U.S. are born with a congenital heart defect. The good news is, as medical care and treatment options continue to advance, babies born with heart defects are now living longer and healthier lives.